Horizontal coke ovens with controlled two stage heating and air admission



March 4, 1969 E. F. SCHC'JN HORIZONTAL COKE] OVENS WITH CONTROLLED TWOSTAGE HEATING AND AIR ADMISSION Filed June 9. 1966 Sheet INVENTOR ERICHF. SCHON ATTORNEYS.

March 4, 1969 E. F. SCHCN 3,431,177

HORIZONTAL COKE OVENS WITH CONTROLLED TWO STAGE HEATING AND AIRADMISSION Filed June 9, 1966 Sheet FIG. 2.

FIG.

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United States Patent 14 Claims This invention relates to horizontal cokeovens with vertical heating flues and particularly to improvements incontrolling the heating of horizontal coke ovens with vertical heatingflues which are adapted to be heated by the combustion of rich gas.

The standard horizontal coke oven battery comprises a plurality ofelongated ovens which are spaced apart by coke oven heating walls. Eachcoke oven heating wall includes two spaced liners with vertical fluesextending therebetween. The flues may be interconnected in a number ofdifferent fashions such as by connecting one flue only with the adjacentflue to thereby form what is commonly known as a hairpin flue oven, orthe flues may be so connected that all of the fines distributed alongone end of the oven are up flues whereas all the flues on the other endare down flues (and vice versa) to thereby form a two divided oven.There are also what is known as four divided ovens and cross over ovens,in the latter of which the flues in one heating wall serve as up fluesand the flues in the heating wall on the other side of the coke ovenchamber serve as down flow flues, and vice versa.

Regardless of which type of flue arrangement is employed all of theconventional types of coke ovens utilize a principle of introduction ofair and gas into the bottoms of a plurality of up flow flues wherein thegas and air combine and burn to thereby yield heat, which heat istransmitted through the heating wall liners and into the coke ovenchamber wherein the coal charge is heated and converted to coke. It isalways desirable in coking a charge of coal that the charge be coked ata substantially constant rate at all levels of the charge whereby whenany portion of the charge is fully coked the remainder thereof is alsofully coked to thereby make the entire charge ready to be pushed fromthe coke oven chamber and thereby render the coke oven chamber ready forsubsequent recharging. Regenerator chambers communicating with theflues, which regenerator chambers are below the coking chambers andheating walls and extend transversely of the battery, serve to supplypreheated air to the up flues and to remove combustion products andwaste gas from the down flues.

There are two types of gas which are normally employed in coke ovens forproviding the fuel therefor. There is a rich coke oven gas which has aheating value of approximately 500 to 1000 B.t.u.s per cubic foot and alean coke oven gas which has a heating value of approximately 80 to 150B.t.u.s per cubic foot. When lean gases are employed the reaction of thegas with the air is usually slow thus yielding a long flame which mayextend from the bottom of a flue of conventional height to almost itstop. With combustion taking place throughout substantially the entirelength of the flue the heating throughout the flue is substantiallyconstant and hence the coking rate from the bottom of the oven to thetop thereof will be substantially constant. However, when rich gas andair are introduced into a flue of a coke oven the rate of combustion isusually much higher thereby yielding a relatively short flame with agreat concentration of heat at the bottom of the oven and substantiallylower temperatures towards the top thereof.

There have been a number of attempts to compensate for the badtemperature distribution in rich gas ovens.

3,431,177 Patented Mar. 4, 1969 The most common expedient for overcomingthis difficulty has been to step the thickness of the heating Wallliners (stepped wall liners) making the bottom of the linerssubstantially thicker than the top thereof to thereby retard heattransfer at the bottom as compared with the top to render thetemperature in the coke oven chamber substantially constant from bottomto top. While this expedient does work, it will be obvious that what isbeing done is to reduce the temperature at the bottom of the coke ovenchamber so that it will equal the lower temperature at the top of thecoke oven chamber. This, however, is not wholly desirable since thecoking rate is dependent upon the temperature. Accordingly, by usingthis expedient the coking rate may well be lower than can beeconomically achieved at higher temperatures which are not possible whenusing the stepped wall liner expedient. Furthermore, the cost ofthickening the bottoms of the heating wall liners adds to the total costof the coke oven and, in addition, subjects the bottom of the heatingwall liner to very high temperatures which hastens the deterioration ofthe fire bricks.

Still another means of achieving uniform heating in rich gas ovens hasbeen the use of the Christmas tree oven, as exemplified by US. PatentNo. 1,901,770, granted to Herman Petsch on Mar. 14, 1933. In these ovensrich gas is introduced at the bottom of the oven and air is introducedat various levels into the heating flue by means of a branched inclinedpassage through the binder wall. Thus a portion of the gas will combinewith the air at different levels and distribute the combustion along thelength of the vertical heating flue and thereby tend to eliminate thehot bottom spots prevalent in conventional rich gas ovens. However, theChristmas tree oven has never been adopted in America due to the factthat the air must be passed up to the various levels in the flue bymeans of a passage in the heating wall binders which passage tends toweaken the binder and hence the entire coke oven wall structure.Moreover, there is no opportunity for regulating the amount of airintroduced at various levels which thereby renders the oven a fairlyinflexible device which cannot be adapted to different types of richgas.

In underiet horizontal coke ovens wherein the gas is introduced at thebottom of the oven through steel pipes. the problem of eliminating thehot spot at the bottom of the oven has been reduced by introducing thegas at two levels, that is by providing high and low burners. Byutilizing high and low burners the variation in temperature over theheight or length of the flue is reduced as there are two verticallyspaced heat sources. However, there still remains substantial variationin temperature of the order of about half that encountered when just alow burner is employed. Moreover, the expedient of high and low burnershas never been successful in gun flue ovens due to the fact that therich gas passing to the upper level is cracked due to the hightemperatures at the bottom of the oven to thereby yield carbonizationand the deposi ing of gums and resins at the high burner which clog theburner and reduce the heating value of the gas.

An excellent discussion of these problems is presented in an articleentitled Wilputte Issues a White Paper, by Louis Wilputt, May, 1939issue of Blast Furnace and Steel Plant magazine.

:In 'U.S. Patent No. 3,211,632 granted to Carl Otto on Oct. 12, 1965,there is described an important improvement in coke oven constructionfor achieving uniform heating in coke ovens. This improved coke ovenconstruction comprises a coke oven battery having a plurality of cokeoven chambers spaced apart by heating walls wherein each heating wall ismade of two liners of substantially uniform thickness throughout thevertical length thereof with a plurality of flues disposed between theheating wall liners. In each flue there is provided a gas entrance atthe bottom for introduction of rich gas in substantially a whollyvertical direction and means remote from the zone of introduction of thegas for in troducing air in an upward path parallel to the path of thegas at two levels. A portion of the air is introduced at the same levelas the gas and slowly admixes with the gas to thereby retard totalcombustion of the gas as it passes up the flue. The remainder of the airis introduced at a higher level. That gas which has not been oxidized bythe air introduced at the lower level by the time it passes the upperlevel of air introduction will slowly admix with the air introduced insaid upper level to continue burning as the gas moves up the flue. Thuscombustion will take place along substantially the entire length of theflue and at a relatively uniform rate to thereby render a substantiallyuniform temperature throughout the length of the heating flue.

To obtain efiicient and flexible operation of such coke ovenconstruction and to obtain maximum benefit therefrom, it is necessary toregulate the total amount of combustion air introduced into each flueand the proportion of the combustion air introduced at the lower leveland the higher level. In the construction described in U.S. Patent No.3,211,632 the same regenerator supplies air to both levels. Regulationof air flow is achieved by sliding bricks slidably disposed at theopenings of the air passages at each level, these bricks being adaptedto control the size of the opening of each passage into the flue. Inorder to adjust to the desired air flow rates it is necessary tomanipulate the sliding bricks by means of long poles which are extendeddownwardly from an opening in the top of each flue. Such adjustment hasproved cumbersome and diflicult, in part due to the considerable heightof the flue and in part because each brick to be individuallymanipulated, making uniformity of adjust- .ent along a row of fluesdifficult to achieve.

The main object of the present invention is the prO- vision of a new andimproved horizontal coke oven utilizing rich gas, which oven willprovide substantially uniform heating along the vertical length of theheating walls and will include means remote from the heating flues foretfectively and conveniently regulating the flow of air to said heatingflues.

Another object of the present invention is the provision of a new andimproved rich gas gun flue horizontal coke oven which will providesubstantially uniform heating along the entire vertical length of theheating wall and wherein the flow of air to the heating flues iseffectively and conveniently regulated.

Still another object of the present invention is the provision of a newand improved rich gas horizontal coke oven having means remote from theheating flues for effectively and conveniently regulating the flow ofair to said heating flues during the operation of the oven.

Yet another object of the present invention is the provision of a newand improved rich gas gun flue coke oven having air introduction meansin the heating flues arranged to render combustion substantially uniformthroughout the length of the flues and improved means remote from saidheating flues for regulating the flow of air to the air introductionmeans more effectively, conveniently and accurately than was heretoforepossible.

In accordance with the present invention, I provide a coke oven batteryhaving a plurality of coke oven chambers spaced apart by heating walls.Each heating wall is made of two liners of preferably substantiallyuniform thickness throughout the vertical length thereof with aplurality of flues disposed between the heating wall liners. Each flueis provided with a gas inlet at the bottom thereof for introduction ofrich gas in substantially solely a vertical direction and a pair of airinlets remote from the gas inlet for introducing air at two levels in anup- Ward path substantially parallel to the path of the gas. One of theair inlets is at the same level as the gas inlet and the other air inletis at a higher level. I provide separate banks of regenerators forserving the upper and lower air inlets. With this construction, theamount of air supplied to the upper inlets is determined by the amountof air supplied to the regenerators serving the upper inlets and theamount of air supplied to the lower inlets is similarly controlled bycontrolling the supply of air to the regenerators serving the lowerinlets. Regulation of air supply to the regenerators can be thusconveniently controlled by means remote from the flues and convenient tothe operator. In accordance with one improvement of said invention,separate air supply means are provided for the regenerators serving theupper and lower air inlets, respectively.

The above and other objects, characteristics and features of the presentinvention will be more fully understood from the following descriptiontaken in connection with the accompanying illustrative drawings,

In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a transverse view, partially in section, of a coke ovenbattery embodying the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line 2-2 of FIG. 1; and

FIG. 3 is a plan view schematically illustrating one arrangement ofregenerators supplying air to the low and high air outlets in accordancewith the present invention.

Referring tothe drawings in detail, FIG. 1 illustrates a horizontal cokeoven battery generally designated by the reference numeral 10. The cokeoven battery 10 as illustrated is of the hairpin flue type of horizontalregenerative coke oven battery adapted especially for burning rich gasalthough the invention is not necessarily limited to this type ofbattery and is also applicable to two divided, four-divided, andcrossover batteries, etc. The battery 10 comprises a supporting masonrylayer 12 which is preferably made of concrete and may or may not formthe roof of a conventional basement space 14. Layer 12 provides asupport for the coke oven brickwork which forms an upper section 16 anda lower section 18 which are divided by an intermediate horizontalrefractory deck 20. The upper section 16 comprises horizontallyelongated coking chambers 22 alternating with heating walls 24. In theillustrated hairpin flue type of oven each heating wall 24 is dividedinto a plurality of non-communicating pairs of vertical flues 26 and 28,the two flues of each pair being connected at the upper ends by passage30.

Lower section 18 is divided into a plurality of regenerator chambers 32,34, 36 and 38 by vertical pillar walls 40. The regenerator chambersunderlie the heating walls 24 and the coking chambers 22. A row ofregenerator chambers extends from one side of the battery to the other.However, for simplicity of illustration only a few of the regeneratorsare shown in the drawing.

Each heating wall 24 is made up of two spaced vertical brickwork liners42 and 44 between which extend the hairpin flues 26 and 28 and theconnecting passages 30. To define the flues 26 and 28 and the passages30 vertically extending binder walls 46 and 48 extend between thebrickwork liners 42 and 44 at spaced intervals to divide the spacebetween the liners 42 and 44 into the flues 26 and 28. As seen in FIG. 1the walls 46 do not extend to the tops of the flues but are spaced aparttherefrom to provide for the passages 30 and the walls 48 extend to thetop of the flues to separate one pair of hairpin flues 2628 from theadjacent pairs thereof. Each of the brickwork liners 42 and 44 ispreferably of substantially uniform thickness throughout save for thebottommost courses of bricks not exceeding about three of standarddimensions in number, which bottommost courses are thickened to providefor erosion resistance to the action of the pusher. As has been pointedout hereinbefore, the use of the uniformly thick liners 42 and 44 canonly be effectuated provided the burning or heating in the flues 26 and28 is substantially uniform throughout the height thereof.

As shown in FIG. 2 the fuel gas is supplied to the lower ends of theflues 26 and 28 by means of gun flues and 52 which are disposed in thehorizontal refractory deck 20. Branching off at spaced intervals fromeach gun flue 50 is a plurality of inclined passages 54 for conveyinggas from the gun flue 50 to a vertically directed nozzle 57 disposed ingas inlet 56 located at the bottom of each flue 26 at one side thereof.Preferably the inlets 56 are each centrally located with respect to thewidth of the flues 26 although this is not absolutely essential.Branching off at spaced intervals from each gun flue 52 is a pluralityof inclined passages 58 for conveying rich gas from the gun flue 52 to avertically directed nozzle 59 disposed in inlets 60 located at thebottom of each flue 28, preferably relatively close to one side of itsflue 28 and centrally of the width thereof. It will be understood thatgas is alternately fed to the gun flues 50' and 52 depending upon theflow of heating products through the flues 26 and 28. When air and gasare moving upwardly through the flues 26 and combustion products aremoving downwardly through the flues 28 then rich gas is fed to thenozzles 57 in the inlets 56 by means of the gun flues 20 and at thattime no gas is flowing through the gun flues 52. When the flow isreversed, gas ceases to flow through gun flues 50 and gas is suppliedthrough gun flues 52 to the nozzles 59 in the inlets 60. Rich gas flowto flues 50 and 52 is regulated by switching valves 61 and 63,respectively. Although the gun flue construction is preferred, thepresent invention can also be practiced with other constructions such asunderjet ovens.

As mentioned hereinbefore, to provide for the uniform heating throughoutthe height of the flues, each flue 26 is provided with two air inletsfor introducing air thereinto at two levels in a substantially whollyvertical direction parallel to the path of the gas. An air inlet 62 islocated at the bottom of each flue 26 approximately at the same level asgas inlet 50, the second inlet comprising a vertical conduit or chimney64 the lower end of which is anchored to the refractory deck 20 at thebottom of flue 26. The chimney 64, which has a vertically extendingpassage 66 therethrough, extends upwardly a substantial distance abovethe refractory deck 20- to convey additional combustion air foradmixture with the upwardly moving gas at a point in the fluesubstantially above the bottom thereof. For instance, in a typical cokeoven construction wherein the vertically extending flue 26 isapproximately eleven feet in height, the top of the chimney may beapproximately two feet above the refractory deck 20. Each flue 28 issimilarly provided with a lower air inlet 68 and a chimney 70 having avertically extending passage 72 therethrough.

Thus it will be seen that combustion air enters the flues 26 and 28through two separate openings, one of which is at the level of thebottom of the flues or the top of the refractory deck 20 and one ofwhich is disposed substantially above said level. As is described ingreater detail herein and in U.S-. Patent 3,211,632, it is due to thevertically spaced introduction of the combustion air into the flues andthe fact that the combustion air introduced at the bottom of the fluesand at the higher level moves vertically upward in a path substantiallyparallel to the path of the gas introduced through the nozzles at 56 and60 that the flame is greatly elongated to provide for uniform heating.

In accordance with a major feature of the present invention, each of theair inlets, namely inlet 62, chimney passage 66, inlet 68 and chimneypassage 72 is in communication with a separate regenerator chamber 32,34, 36 and 38, this feature affording improved means for independentlyregulating the flow of combustion air to each of the said inlets. In thearrangement shown, each of the regenerator chambers 32, 34, 36 and 38extending from one side of the battery to the other is divided by walls74 into end to end sections in order to provide the opportunity foruniform supply of air to all flues along the length of the regenerator,as is well known.

Referring particularly to FIG. 2 and the schematic illustration of FIG.3, each section of regenerator chamer 32 is connected to air inlet 62 ofeach of tWo flues 26 in a pair of heating walls 24 adjacent thereto bymeans of inclined channels 76 and 78. Similarly, each section ofregenerator chamber 34 is connected to passage 66 within chimney 64 ofeach of two flues 26 in a consecutive pair of heating walls 24 by meansof inclined channels 80 and 82. Likewise, each section of regeneratorchamber 36 is connected to air inlet 68 of each of two flues 28 in aconsecutive pair of heating walls 24 by means of inclined channels 84and 86 and each section of regenerator chamber 38 is connected topassage 72 within chimney 70 of each of two flues 28 in a consecutivepair of heating walls 24 by means of inclined channels 88 and 90. Withrespect to each flue 26 the total amount of combustion air introducedtherein and, further, the distribution of the air between thatintroduced at the bottom of the flue and that introduced at the top ofthe chimney can be conveniently regulated by controlling the amount ofair fed to regenerator chambers 32 and 34. Similar control of the supplyof air to regenerator chambers 36 and 38 can achieve the same result influe 28 for upward flow of combustion air therein.

In accordance with another constructional feature of the presentinvention each of regenerator chambers 32, 34, 36 and 38 is incommunication with its own 'subjacent sole channel 92, 94, 96 and 98,respectively, and each sole channel is in turn in communication with anassociated air input chamber and, through a waste heat valve 102, withchimney flue 104. Waste gases are dis charged through flue 104, whichflue extends throughout the entire length of the battery. When productsof combustion flow upwardly through flues 26 and downwardly throughflues 28, chambers 32 and 34 receive air from sole channels 92 and 94,respectively, while chambers 36 and 38 discharge products of combustionthrough channels 96 and 98, respectively. When the flow is reversed,chambers 32 and 34 discharge products of combustion into channels 92 and94, respectively, and chambers 36 and 38 receive air from channels 96and 98, respectively. As is well known, the direction of flow throughthe flues 26 and 28 is ordinarily reversed at regular intervals, usuallya half hour each. As shown, spent products of combustion are dischargedinto sole channel 92 and 94 or into channels 96 and 98 in accordancewith the direction of the flow through the associated regeneratorchambers and flues. Air under pressure may be supplied alternately tothe channels 92 and 94 or to the channels 96 and 98 and air isalternately successively withdrawn through the channels, by suction,into the chimney flue 104. The air flow to each of the sole channels 92,94, 96 and 98 may be conveniently independently regulated by controllingthe air supply to each associated input chamber 100 as by valve 105.

In operation, assuming that air and gas are being introduced into andmoving upward in the flues 28 and the products of combustion are movingdownwardly and out through the flues 26, rich gas is introduced in avertical direction through the nozzle in gas inlet 60 and air isintroduced through inlet 68 and passage 72 in a vertical directionparallel to the gas ejected through the inlet 60. With the air and thegas moving in parallel paths, i.e., substantially laminar flow, therewill not be complete mixing of the air and the gas but only a partialadmixing thereof, some of the gas remaining uncombined with the air.This fractional combination of air and gas is enhanced by the fact thatthe volume of air introduced at the bottom of the flue is insuflicientto combine With the total volume of gas. Thus there will only be apartial or incomplete burning of the gas as it moves upwardly in thearea of the chimney 70. Moreover, this burning will be continuous asthere is constant admixing of the streams of air and gas as they moveparallel upWardly through the flue 28 in laminar flow. However, as theadditional stream of air is added at the top of the chimney 70 this airwill be available for further combination with the gas as it continuesmoving upwardly through the flue 28. Again, as in the zone of thechimney, this mixing, due to the fact that the streams of air and gasmove in parallel direction, will be gradual so that the combusion willcontinue throughout substantially the entire length of the flue. Tomaintain the streams of air and gas flowing in parallel paths, it ispreferable that turbulence in streams be kept to a minimum. Thus, theflame emanating from the nozzle extends for substantially the fulllength or height of the flue 28 in much the same fashion as is achievedwith lean gas. Hence, with proper regulation of the volume of airintroduced into the flues 28 and with proper regulation of the relativeamounts introduced at the bottom of the flue and top of the chimney,complete combustion of the gas can be achieved by the time the streamreaches the top of the flue 28 and throughout the length of the fluecombusion will continue. With proper regulation this combustion can besubstantially uniform throughout to thereby yield a substantiallyconstant temperature throughout the entire height of the flue 28.Temperature differences throughout flues of the described constructioncan be readily kept to less than 30 C. This regulation of the air flowis achieved more precisely and much more easily than was possible withthe sliding brick arrangement and single sole chamber servicing eachflue heretofore employed by controlling the air supply to theregenerator chambers 96 and 98 which service air inlet 68 and chimneypassage 72, respectively in accordance with the present invention.Naturally, the products of complete combustion in the flue 28 will passthrough the passage 30 and downwardly through the associated flue 26 andout through the regenerators 32 and 34 and sole channels 92 and 94.

After due passage of time, the flow will be reversed to introduce airand gas upwardly in a substantially strict vertical direction throughthe flues 26 and downwardly through the flues 28. Naturally, regulationof the volume of combustion air available to flues 26 can be achieved bycontrolling the air supply to regenerator chambers 92 and 94 and,further, the relative amounts of air introduced at the bottom and top ofthe chimney can also be so regulated. Again, as is true with upwardlyflow through the flues 28, with proper proportioning of the volume ofair at the bottom of the flue 28 and the top of the chimney 64 and withthe strict vertical passage of the streams of air and gas through saidflue 26 the length of the flame in the flue 26 can be substantially thefull length or height of the flue 26 to yield uniform heating throughoutthe height of the heating wall. Of course, with the products ofcombustion moving upwardly through the flue 26 they will pass throughthe passages 30 and down through the flues 28 and out through theregenerators 36 and 38 and the sole channels 96 and 98.

Hence, it will be seen that by utilizing the features of the presentinvention and particularly by supplying air to each of the air inlets inthe flues 26 and 28 from separate regenerator chambers and, desirably,by supplying air to each of the chambers from a separate associated solechannel, more accurate, efl'lciently and easily controlled regulation ofthe air supply to the flues can be achieved than was heretoforepossible, as in constructions using a single regenerator chamber tosupply air to both the upper and lower air inlets in the flue andregulating the supply of air by means of sliding bricks.

While I have herein shown and described the preferred form of thepresent invention, it will be understood that various changes andmodifications can be made therein within the scope of the appendedclaims without departing from the spirit and scope of this invention.

What I claim is:

1. A horizontal coke oven battery comprising a plurality of spaced apartcoke oven chambers and a plurality of heating walls therebetween, atleast one of said heating walls comprising a pair of spaced apartheating wall liners and a multiplicity of transversely extending spacedapart binders between said heating wall liners defining a plurality ofvertically extending heating flues, each of said flues having means atthe bottom thereof for intro ducing rich gas therein, a refractory deckunderlying said coke oven chambers and said heating walls, a pluralityof regenerators underlying said refractory deck, a first air passageextending through said deck and communicating a first of saidregenerators with the bottom of at least one of said heating flues, theupper end of said first air passage terminating at the bottom of saidheating flue at a point horizontally spaced from said rich gasintroducing means, a second air passage extending through said deck andterminating at a point substantially above the bottom of said heatingflue for communicating a second of said regenerators with said heatingflue at a level substantially above the bottom of said flue, said firstregenerator being in non-communicating relation with said second airpassage, said second regenerator being in non-communicating relationwith said first air passage, means for regulating the air supply to saidfirst regenerator and means for regulating the air supply to said secondregenerator, whereby to regulate the total air supply to said heatingflue and to proportion said air supply between said first and second airpassages.

2. A horizontal coke oven battery as defined in claim 1, wherein saidair supply regulating means are external to said battery.

3. A horizontal coke oven battery as defined in claim 1, furthercomprising a separate sole channel underlying each regenerator and incommunication therewith for supplying air to said regenerator, thesupply of air to each sole channel being regulated by separate airsupply regulating means.

4. A horizontal coke oven battery as defined in claim 1, wherein saidheating wall liners are of substantially uniform thickness.

5. A horizontal coke oven battery as defined in claim 1, wherein theends of said air passages communicating with said heating flues aresubstantially solely vertically directed for introducing air into saidheating flues in substantially solely a vertical direction.

6. A horizontal coke oven battery as defined in claim 1, wherein atleast one of said heating flues further comprises a substantially solelyvertically directed chimney anchored to said deck and extending to alevel substantially above the bottom of said flue, said chimney definingthe portion of said second air passage above said refractory deck.

7. A horizontal coke oven battery as defined in claim 6, wherein saidchimney is spaced from said heating wall liners. I

8. A horizontal coke oven battery as defined in claim 5, wherein saidrich gas introducing means is substantially solely vertically directedfor introducing rich gas into said heating flues in substantially solelya vertical direction.

9. A horizontal coke oven battery as defined in claim 7, wherein the gasintroducing means comprises a gun flue for substantially each liner,said gun flues extending horizontally through said deck, a substantiallysolely vertically directed inlet at the bottom of each of said flues,and passage means for connecting said inlets to said gun flues.

10. A horizontal coke oven battery as defined in claim 1, furthercomprising a multiplicity of transversely extending spaced apartpartition walls disposed in at least one each of said first and secondregenerators and defining a plurality of vertically extending end to endsections therein.

11. A horizontal coke oven battery as defined in claim 9, furthercomprising a multiplicity of transversely extending spaced apartpartition walls disposed in at least one each of said first and secondregenerators and defining a plurality of vertically extending end to endsections therein.

12. A horizontal coke oven battery as defined in claim 11, wherein eachsection of said first rcgenerator is in communication with two of saidfirst air passages in a pair of adjacent heating walls and each sectionof said second regenerator is in communication with two of said secondair passages in a pair of adjacent heating walls.

13. A horizontal coke oven battery as defined in claim 12, wherein saidheating fines are hairpin flues.

14. A horizontal coke oven battery as defined in claim 13, wherein saidheating wall liners are of substantially uniform thickness.

References Cited

1. A HORIZONTAL COKE OVEN BATTERY COMPRISING A PLURALITY OF SPACED APARTCOKE OVEN CHAMBERS AND A PLURALITY OF HEATING WALLS THEREBETWEEN, ATLEAST ONE OF SAID HEATING WALLS COMPRISING A PAIR OF SPACED APARTHEATING WALL LINERS AND A MULTIPLICITY OF TRANSVERSELY EXTENDING SAPCEDAPART BINDERS BETWEEN SAID HEATING WALL LINERS DEFINING A PLURAITY OFVERTICALLY EXTENDING HEATING FLUES, EACH OF SAID FLUES HAVING MEANS ATTHE BOTTOM THEREOF FOR INTRODUCING RICH GAS THEREIN, A REFRACTORY DECKUNDERLYING SAID COKE OVEN CHAMBERS AND SAID HEATING WALLS, A PLURALITYOF REGENERATORS UNDERLYING SAID REFRACTORY DECK, A FIRST AIR PASSAGEEXTENDING THROUGH SAID DECK AND COMMUNICATING A FIRST OF SAIDREGENERATORS WITH THE BOTTOM OF AT LEAST ONE OF SAID HEATING FLUES, THEUPPER END OF SAID FIRST AIR PASSAGE TERMINATING AT THE BOTTOM OF SAIDHEATING FLUE AT A POINT HORIZONTALLY SPACED FROM SAID RICH GASINTRODUCING MEANS, A SECOND AIR PASSAGE EXTENDING TRHOUGH SAID DECK ANDTERMINATING AT A POINT SUBSTANTIALLY ABOVE THE BOTTOM OF SAID HEATINGFLUE FOR COMMUNICATING A SECOND OF SAID REGENERATORS WITH SAID HEATINGFLUE AT A LEVEL SUBSTANTIALLY ABOVE THE BOTTOM OF SAID FLUE, SAID FIRSTREGENERATOR BEING IN NON-COMMUNICATING RELATION WITH SAID SECOND AIRPASSAGE, SAID SECOND GENERATOR